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What performance measure might decrease due to excess air in combustion?

  1. Flame stability

  2. Fuel efficiency

  3. Heat recovery

  4. Water feed consumption

The correct answer is: Fuel efficiency

The presence of excess air in combustion processes can lead to a decrease in fuel efficiency. When there is more air than necessary for the complete combustion of the fuel, it can cause the combustion temperature to drop and lead to incomplete combustion. This inefficiency results in unburned fuel, which means that more fuel is required to achieve the desired energy output. Additionally, excess air causes heat to carry away more rapidly with the flue gases, which can further reduce the effective utilization of the fuel energy. Thus, the overall amount of useful work or heat produced per unit of fuel consumed declines, making the system less efficient. In contrast, flame stability, heat recovery, and water feed consumption are influenced by different factors not directly tied to the presence of excess air. Flame stability is more closely related to the mixture of fuel and air and its characteristics, while heat recovery plays a role in the overall energy management system, and water feed consumption deals with boiler operations rather than combustion efficiency.